Clinical Context

The FDA has been active in advancing decentralized clinical trials (DCTs), which permit some or all trial-related activities to occur at locations other than traditional clinical trial sites, such as participants’ homes or local facilities [3]. The agency released a draft guidance on decentralized clinical trials on May 2, 2023, describing design considerations, remote visits, use of digital health technologies, roles and responsibilities of sponsors and investigators, informed consent processes and institutional review board oversight, and investigational product packaging and shipping in DCTs [1]. A Final Level 1 Guidance titled Conducting Clinical Trials With Decentralized Elements was issued in September 2024 and is associated with docket number FDA-2022-D-2870 [3]. Separately, pragmatic research using real-time surveillance and remote methods has demonstrated operational models for near real-time data capture and safety monitoring: for example, a 1-year pragmatic cluster-randomized trial of a real-time nursing surveillance system reported reductions in deterioration risk and length of stay while recording no adverse events, illustrating possible applications of real-time data in clinical settings [5]. A randomized trial using remote and semi-automated methods described high adherence and data completeness using mailed study product distribution, automated scheduling, and real-time safety alerts to study staff, providing a model for remote trial conduct [4].